Cultural Values, Traditions, And Perceptions Affect Treatment

For my ethnographic project, I wanted to understand more about modern culture and psychiatry in America and I thought comparing outcomes in America and other countries was the best way to go about this. I chose to focus on schizophrenia because of the amount of information available, and the neurological components that seem to make it a mental disorder which is found equally among all populations. Originally, I wanted to answer questions about how cultural values, traditions, and perceptions affect treatment, how they affect the way symptoms express themselves, how do they shape the recovery process, how they differ from American/western counterparts, if there is a difference in long-term outcomes, and if so, why. I began by researching†¦show more content†¦For example, a person with schizophrenia may hear voices others don t hear or might believe other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to hurt them. Negative symptoms are those which ar e present among people without the disorder, but are missing or deficient in those with schizophrenia. They include flat affect and emotion, poverty of speech, inability to experience pleasure, social withdrawal, and lack of motivation. Cognitive impairments (impaired executive functioning, apathy, memory impairment, poor concentration) are also core features of schizophrenia. The onset of symptoms usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, although they can appear later in life as well. Because the level of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia is so debilitating, many with the disorder experience a severely diminished quality of life and are unable to maintain employment, function socially, or live independently. In west, the accepted course of treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic medication along with cognitive therapy. Schizophrenia is often thought of as a mental illness that is universally the same because of it s neurological components. Howev er, like most mental illnesses, it is highly influenced by the context of the culture in which it arises. Culture can be defined as â€Å"shared symbols and meanings that people create in the process of social interaction.† (Jenkens and Barrett, 2004, pg. 5)

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 931 Words

Michaela Wolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels along the Mississippi River. Throughout his journey, Huck’s morality is tested as he is subjected to corrupt issues that were common in Twain s life. One of the complications displayed in the novel includes the violent and impulsive aspects of mob mentality. Mark Twain is able to reveal the immoral nature of mob mentality through outraged and haughty tones within the novel. The incident involving the lynch mob in chapter twenty-two demonstrates the senseless and maniacal aspect of mob mentality with an outraged tone. Outrage, the act of wanton cruelty, is exp osed through three elements of tone: diction, imagery, and details. Twain’s careful choice of words embodies the tone element known as diction. Through diction, this passage is able to reveal the outraged tone that is concealed within the narration and perspective of Huck. Twain selects precise words to illustrate the insanity of the mob as they furiously made their way to Sherburn’s house. He uses phrases suchShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book m ore realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, and those who promot ed slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to say just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly w ith his readers. During the storyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1773 Words   |  8 PagesKnowing about Mark Twain’s work, personal life and family it is clear he is a champion of racial equality. During the most racial times of America he wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a book setting in a 1830s southern American society. Twains delivers the story with all the traditions and customs of an American society. Twain tries to show the wrongness in society, focusing racism and equality. By doing this Mark Twain and his work was both alleged to be racist. The irony is most of the reading The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 931 Words Colin Yokanovich Mrs. Hocks Advanced English 10 8 September 2014 Jim and Huck’s Maturing Relationship The book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, follows Huckleberry Finn and a â€Å"runaway† slave Jim’s relationship. Their bond transitions from a coincidental meeting, to a friendship, and eventually to a father-son relationship. The first stages of their relationship are haphazard, as Huck and Jim do not have a strong previous relationship. The only connection that Huck and Jim share is that they live on the same plantation. Prior to their journey, Huck only recognizes Jim because of the practical jokes that he often plays on him. For instance, in chapter 2 while Jim is taking a much needed afternoon nap, Huck and Tom†¦show more content†¦In particular, Jim protects them during the evening, while Huck keeps watch during the day. As their friendship matures it also changes. Jim becomes a father figure to Huck, whose father is rarely present. This new found kinship is illustrated in chapter 15, when Jim an d Huck become separated in a thick fog and Huck lies to Jim that he was on the raft the whole time. After thinking for a while Jim realizes Huck’s lie and responds, â€Å"En all you wuz thinkin’ ‘bout wuz how you could make a fool uv ole Jim wid a lie. Dat truck is trash; en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey fren’s en makes ‘em ashamed† (91; ch. 15). This shows Jim’s willingness to teach Huck moral lessons much like how a parent teaches their children. This fatherly role is further embellished when Jim protects Huck from seeing his fathers decaying body. Despite his racist upbringings, Huck is able to work with and eventually build a cohesive bond with Jim. The two of them exemplify strong values of companionship and fellowship that parallel those of a tight family. The Different Thought Processes of Huck and Tom In Mark Twain’s adventure novel the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn two of his most famous characters, Huck and Tom showcase to vary different forms of reasoning. The two digress in the way they interpret, relate, and react to humanity. Huck and Tom are polar opposites in the manner that they understand the world around them. For instance, Tom believes in complexity.

Electronic Waste Popularly Known As E Waste Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(226) " of Environmental Protection province that cathode beam tubing no longer be accepted at transportation Stationss, landfills or landfill operators or a punishment of USD 25000 for each discourtesy † \( Iswalah, 2008 \) \." Electronic waste, popularly known as e-waste can be defined as electronic equipment or merchandises linking with power stopper or batteries which have become disused due to advancement in engineering, alterations in manner, manner and position. â€Å" E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic merchandises approaching the terminal of their utile life † ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . This includes cast-off computing machines, telecastings, VCRs, stereos, duplicators, facsimile machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Waste Popularly Known As E Waste Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Electrical and electronic waste ( e-waste ) is one of the most rising issues that has caught the attending of assorted parties including policy shapers, non-governmental organisation ( NGO ) and the general public globally. This turning concern is due to the of all time increasing volume of e-waste being generated ensuing in activities such as collection, leveling and disposal of e-waste that has caused environmental pollutions and inauspicious impact on public wellness ( Rosnani, 2010 ) . â€Å" E-waste in Malaysia is being regulated under the Environmental Quality Act ( Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations 2005 that came into consequence on 15 August 2005 † ( Rosnani, 2010 ) . The inclusion of e-waste the 2005 ordinance is to adequately command the direction of these wastes generated in the state every bit good as to enable Malaysia to forbid importing of used electrical and electronic equipment either for renovation or recovery merely for short term use, following which equipment is disposed off. Today, it is often cheaper and more convenient to purchase new machine to suit the newer coevalss of engineering than it is to upgrade the old. Expanding e-waste particularly nomadic phone and computing machine in all sort of sectors doing the increasing of the measure of e-waste. E-waste contains important measures of toxic waste. â€Å" Each computing machine or telecasting show proctor contains an norm of 4-8 lbs of lead. Monitor glass contain about 20 % lead by weight. About 70 % of heavy stuffs like quicksilver and Cd found in landfill come from electronic equipment discard † ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . These heavy metals and other risky substances found in electronic can pollute groundwater and present other environmental and public wellness. Furthermore, â€Å" the wellness impacts of the mixtures and material combination in the merchandises frequently are non known † ( Noraida, 2010 ) . The production of semiconducting materials printed circuit board, disc thrusts and proctors used peculiarly risky chemical. Therefore, one of the aim of this survey is to happen out the applicable direction of e-waste around the universe and their effects to human wellness. There are assorted issues of concerns with respect to e-waste disposal and recycling. This research proposal overview the issues specifically related to the export for recycling. Particularly, it discusses documented effects on human wellness and the environment that have been tied to insecure recycling patterns in developing states. It besides provides an overview of assorted factors necessary to be understand why e-waste disposal has become a concern on each states. Therefore, it is of import to hold a good e-waste direction in order to guarantee that it will non harm to human and environment. If we non make the recycling, these e-waste will be disposed off. There are several methods to dispose e-waste either landfill or incinerator or unfastened combustion. However, if we look at to it closely, all this method will give negative impacts to human and environment. Other than that, job related to installations and location of e-waste disposal is happening. â€Å" When we landfill the e-waste, it will pollute groundwater. If we incinerate e-waste, it will bring forth risky smelt and left risky residue. If we recycle the e-waste, it will harm the recycle squad. Last, we export the e-waste to other state † ( Noraida, 2010 ) . Now, we have no pick and scientist today should make more research on these job. E-waste direction demand to carry through different aims which go beyond pure proficient execution. Particularly in developing states and states in passage, which a lacking legal and institutional model, every bit good as losing substructure, e-waste direction demands for a comprehensive and structural attack. This has been echoed by assorted international organisations and enterprises, including the United Nation Developing Organization ( UNIDO ) , the United Nation Environment Programmed ( UNEP ) , the Basel convention, the Solving the e-Waste Problem ( StEP ) . Several development cooperation undertaking adopted a three measure attack.[ 1 ] Understand the current model status Developing a structured scheme in a multi-stakeholder attack Implementing the scheme through a roadmap with assigned duties and a timeframe The research will give good to all community. Government can either seek to avoid all the methods that can give negative impacts or if non, merely expression for the better direction we have around the universe that besides included in this proposal. It besides can give public consciousness for those concerns. . It is hoped that these research proposal will help in the better apprehension and direction of e-waste and a prompt action can be taken by the authorities to better what we have now before it is excessively late. Aim to happen out the issues and challenges on developing and implementing e-waste direction To happen out the applicable direction of e-waste around the universe and their effects to human wellness. To analyze the recommended actions that can be taken to undertake the e-waste issues Literature reappraisal Analyzing E-waste Related Legislations and Regulations In its list of recommendations to battle illegal dumping of E-waste, the Basel Action Network ( BAN ) â€Å" urges authoritiess to coerce makers to take toxic chemicals from merchandises every bit shortly as possible. BAN besides calls on rigorous enforcement of the Basel Convention[ 2 ]and extol Australia for its attempts in that respect † ( Michael, 2012 ) . Sing issues in Australia, it requires full testing of electronic waste to attest that it complies with the Basel Convention before it is exported. The BAN study on dumping in Lagos calls the U.S. â€Å" the worst histrion † among developed states that perpetuate dumping of risky waste in developing states. Other topographic point, â€Å" Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection province that cathode beam tubing no longer be accepted at transportation Stationss, landfills or landfill operators or a punishment of USD 25000 for each discourtesy † ( Iswalah, 2008 ) . You read "Electronic Waste Popularly Known As E Waste Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Transboundary motion of risky waste is con-trolled by the Basel Convention, which entered into forcein 1992.[ 3 ] In Malaysia, authorities statute laws have been introduce to command this state of affairs. First under Environment Quality Act! 974 Sect. 18 ( 1 ) . There are ; E-Waste classified as Scheduled Waste and given the codification of SW 110 E-Waste can merely be handled by accredited contractors. Act enforced by Department of Environment. Enforcement-oriented instead than Facilitation-oriented. ( PEWOG, 2009 )[ 4 ] Second is under ‘Public Cleansing and Solid Waste Management Act ( 2007 ) , it province that all waste belongs to the authorities or its contractor ‘ ( PEWOG, 2009 ) . The inquiry is the present of aggregation and processing activities illegal because all waste belongs to the authorities or its contractors. Then, confusion and uncertainness Begin to drift. Besides utilizing the Environmental Quality Act ( 1974 ) to pull off these wastes, the DOE is besides utilizing the â€Å" Custom Order ( Prohibiton of Import/Export ) Order 2008 to command the importing and export of e waste † ( Ong, 2009 ) . 2. Issues And Challenges On Developing And Implementing 3R ( Reduce, Reuse and Recycle ) There are several methods to pull off all these e-waste stuffs. â€Å" The most safe, promote and cheapest is by 3R that are cut down, reuse and recycling † . it can be summarized as follows ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) : aˆ? Reduce: effort to cut down the sum of waste generated reduce/eliminate usage of toxic substances like lead and quicksilver. aˆ? Reuse: repeated usage of points or parts of points which are still useable aˆ? Recycle: usage of waste itself as resource Since e-waste recycling is mostly unregulated, accurate informations sing the terminal markets, both domestic and abroad, are non publically available. Therefore, it is hard to cognize how much e-waste that is collected for recycling is really exported for processing ( Linda, 2010 ) . In the waste direction hierarchy, 3R is high on the precedence list and state analysis paper by Malaysia in one of its forum[ 5 ]province that Malaysia is capitalising on engineerings which are environmentally friendly, proven and be effectual to heighten its 3R coders and activities in the state. The analysis paper besides province that the building, operation and care of workss utilizing such engineerings involves high capital and cost. The banking sector is rather loath to supply the fiscal support particularly when new engineerings are involved. We still have failing in recycling system around the universe. The substructure like web of waste aggregation, transit, and screening activities is still being developed. Then continue to the existent processing on the e-waste, if compared to recycling of paper, glass, and plastic, the procedure is more dearly-won and expensive. Most local governments in Malaysia did non hold a sound fiscal resources to pay for all the new engineerings carried out to handle and dispose the waste. Without the federal authorities intercession or committedness to supply the bridging finance, the debut of environmentally friendly and modern engineering will confront an acclivitous undertaking.[ 6 ] Then other job on the state of affairs when e-waste may be processed domestically after aggregation is besides limited. â€Å" A company that operates as a â€Å" recycler † may really be a waste consolidator that sends the waste to another seller. † Those downstream sellers may divide the units for reuse, ship whole units abroad for processing, or procedure it domestically to some other utilizations ( Linda, 2010 ) . Good intelligence is the electronics makers are presently driven by assorted forces to do their merchandises more easy reclaimable and with fewer risky components.[ 7 ]â€Å" Any future alterations to electronic devices have no impact, nevertheless, on the 100s of 1000000s of devices presently in usage or disused devices presently in storage † ( Linda, 2010 ) . Finally those devices will do their manner to the disposal or recycling markets. Disposal ( Incineration, Open Burning Or Landfilling ) Incineration means destroy something particularly godforsaken stuff by firing. It is â€Å" associated with a major hazard of bring forthing and scattering contaminations and toxic substances † ( Mathias, 2010 ) . The gases released during the combustion and the residue ash is frequently toxic. Municipal solid waste ( MSW ) province that incineration workss have shown that Cu, which is present in printed circuit boards and overseas telegrams, â€Å" act as accelerator for dioxin formation when fire retardents are incinerated † ( Gongkia, 2000 ) . At this clip incineration of toxic e-waste is taking topographic point without much limitation around the universe, particularly in poorer states. Incineration of electronic waste should be the last resort and should be at a lower limit if non wholly banned ( April, 2010 ) . Lapp goes to open firing which releases many pollutants into environment Since unfastened fires burn at comparatively low temperatures, they release many more fume than in a controlled incineration procedure ( Hawari and Hassan, 2010 ) When we landfill the e-waste, the jobs comes by the leachate produces. It is frequently contains heavy metals and other toxic substances which can pollute land and H2O resources. Even state-of-the-art landfills which are sealed to forestall toxins from come ining the land are non wholly tight in the long-run ( Singh et al. , 2012 ) . Significant impacts from landfilling could be avoided by conditioning risky stuffs from e-waste individually and by landfilling merely those fractions for which there are â€Å" no farther recycling possibilities and guarantee that they are in state-of-the-art landfills that respect environmentally sound proficient criterions † ( Gongkia, 2000 ) Export â€Å" In America, harmonizing to National Safety Council ( 1999 ) , presently the cheapest e-waste recycling option in the US is to direct e-waste overseas † ( McCarthy, 2002 ) . Harmonizing to the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) , up to 80 % of American recycle e-waste is exported to poorer states. â€Å" However, how it is used or disposed of there is mostly unknown † ( McCarthy, 2002 ) . Example in Guiyu[ 8 ], China, the Personal computers and peripherals organizing mountain and overruning into streets, with its people doing a life depriving off PC portion with their bare custodies. Ministry of environment in India showed no consequences refering study of e-waste, but the ministry admits that a 100 % controls of the boundary lines is non possible. What complicate the job is that computing machine waste, which does non hold any resale or reuse value, is openly burned or disposed off in landfills. Although it is hard to cognize precisely how much e-waste collected for recycling is exported, it appears that India or developing states in Asia or Africa are most likely to have e-waste. In these country, kids and grownups are non have oning safety to level the e-waste in order to sell salvageable points. The remainder of the stuffs are burned or buried. In Ghana, China and India, many of the workers are kids, possibly well exposed to these risky stuffs ( Kevin, 2007 )[ 9 ]. 3. Management of E-waste in Malaysia. Malaysia has been seting a batch of attempt to eliminate this job before it gets relentless and out of control. â€Å" The ‘Recycle Personal computer ‘ run, spearheaded by the Association of the Computer and Multimedia Industry of Malaysia ( PIKOM ) and waste direction company Alam Flora Sdn. Bhd[ 10 ], is picking up steam since its launch in March 2005 † ( Vatis, 2005 ) . This run aims to make environmental consciousness by promoting the populace and administrations to recycle Personal computers and the peripherals. Between the period of March 10 and April 30, 2005, Alam Flora has collected 816 computing machines and peripherals. This includes 194 computing machine proctors, 147 cardinal treating units ( CPUs ) 428 pressmans, and 47 assorted Personal computer constituents ( Karim, 2005 ) Panasonic Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. is among the first corporations to reply the call to recycle when it handed over 60 used Personal computers and laptops to Alam Flora within a hebdomad from establishing the Personal computer recycling run. The Nipponese engineering giant besides pledged to donate more Personal computers to the Recycle PC run each clip its embarks on a Personal computer upgrading exercising. Alam Flora has assigned aggregation points and recycling centres all over the state for people to drop off their old Personal computers ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Malaysia is non a finish for others states put their e-waste. The non-systematic exportation and disposal of e-waste will give menace to our environment. Because of that, Department of Environmental is undergoing a research on ‘take dorsum policy ‘ specifically for promote the manufacturer companies to take back the electric and electronic that do non desire to be used any longer for being recycle or dispose in safety ways ( Douglas, 2010 ) . Scrap computer/ television/ mobile phone and other e-waste Free/ sell Scrap aggregator Middlemen/ junkshops Recycling Centres 2nd manus point Disposal installation Sell e-waste recylers Pre-treatment ( separation ) Scrap plastics/ others Natural stuffs Main board Electronic constituent Export market/ reassembling Local market Re-furnish/ recondition recycling Figure 1: Materials flows of e-waste in Malaya ( Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2005 ) Presently, â€Å" there are 138 e-waste recovery installations in Malaysia. 16 out of them are the full recovery installations and the other are the partial recovery installations † ( Rahman, 2008 ) . The chief engineering employed to retrieve e-wastes in footings of cherished metal in Malaysia is still limited to wet chemical procedures and electrolysis. State Partial recovery installation Full recovery installation Johor 17 3 Kedah 12 1 Melaka 12 3 Negeri Sembilan 5 1 Perak 4 0 Pulau Pinang 37 6 Sarawak 5 0 Selangor 25 2 Wilayah persekutuan 5 0 Entire 122 16 Grand sum 138 Table 1: distribution of e-waste recovery installations in Malaysia. ( Rahman, 2008 ) But some of them that do non traveling to recycle are required to be transported by accredited contractors and dispose off in the centralized scheduled waste intervention and disposal installation in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. ( Theng, L. C. , 2008 )[ 11 ] The Bukit Nanas Waste Management Centre in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Sembilan, has the state ‘s sole landfill for risky waste. Here waste that has been treated, stabilized and packed in membranophones or lasting plastic bags are buried in the landfill. 4. Effectss On Environment And Human Health Harmonizing to Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) , more than 3.2 million dozenss of e-waste ended up in us landfills. European surveies estimate that the volume of e-waste is lifting by 3 % to 5 % per twelvemonth, about three times faster than municipal waste watercourse. Therefore, early action demands in order to undertake this job before it is traveling up in our state. From Basel Action Network ( BAN ) , estimate that the 500 million computing machines in the universe contain 2.87 billion kgs of plastics, 716.7 million kg of lead and 286700 kg of quicksilver. Table 2 shows some of the risky stuff that contain in the computing machine and their effects to human and the environment. Hazardous stuff Location Effectss Lead Soldering of printed circuit boards and other electronic constituent Glass panels in computing machine proctors ( cathode rays tubing ) Damage to the cardinal and peripheral nervous system, blood system and kidney in homo. effects to the hormone system negative effects on the development of the encephalon in kids have been good documented ( Howell, 2001 ) . Cadmium SMD bit resistances, infrared sensors and semiconducting materials. Possible hazard of irreversible effects on human wellness ( Howell, 2001 ) . Easily be accumulated in sums that cause symptoms of poisoning Mercury Batteries, switches/ lodging, and printed wiring board. Causes chronic harm to the encephalon. Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) Cabling and computing machine lodging. Cause of dioxin[ 12 ]formation. Brominated Flame Retardant Printed circuit board act as endocrinal disrupters cause an increased hazard of malignant neoplastic disease to the digestive and lymph systems cut down degrees of the endocrine tetraiodothyronine[ 13 ]in open animate beings. Table 2: toxic chemicals contain and their effects ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Assorted scientific observations indicate that polybrominated diphenylethers ( PBDE ) might move as endocrinal disrupters. The degrees of PBDEs in â€Å" human chest milk are duplicating every five old ages and this has prompted concern because of the consequence of these chemicals in immature animate beings † ( Howell, 2001 ) In add-on, administration for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1993 province that hexavalent Cr besides exists in some of e-waste. It can easy go through through membranes of cells. It causes strong allergic reactions even in little concentrations. Asthmatic bronchitis is another allergic reaction â€Å" linked to chromium VI. Chromium VI may besides do DNA harm † ( Howell, 2001 ) The incineration, land-filling, and illegal dumping of electronic wastes all contribute toxic chemicals to the environment. Environmental impacts includes taint of all local environmental media like dirt, air, surface H2O and land H2O. For illustration, the primary risky recycling operations in Guiyu involve ; Metallic recovery that involves in unfastened combustion of wires to obtain steel and Cu, cathode beam tubing checking to obtain copper-laden yokes, perturbing and combustion of circuit boards to take solder and french friess, and acid depriving french friess for gold. Plastic recycling through splintering and thaw ; and dumping of stuffs that can non be further processed ( such as leaded CRT glass and burned circuit boards ) and residues from recycling operations such as ashes from unfastened burn operations, spent acerb baths, and sludges ( Yan, et Al, 2009 ) . Children in Guiyu were found to hold blood lead degrees ( BLL ) that were significantly higher than those in the adjacent small town. Elevated BLLs in Guiyu kids were common as a consequence of exposure to take taint caused by crude e-waste recycling activities ( Xia, 2007 ) . . Prevents Options To Undertake The E-wastes In this subdivision, some actions that can be adopted are reviewed. Almost all of these actions have to be carried out at the same time. Someof them are targeted to make a wider consciousness amongst the end-users. Adhering buying with take-back merchandise duty The purpose of drawn-out manufacturer duty is to promote manufacturers to â€Å" forestall pollution and cut down resource and energy usage in each phase of the merchandise life rhythm through alterations in merchandise design and procedure engineering â€Å" ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Hence, the manufacturers have a great trade of duty to take back their merchandises and recycle them at the terminal of the merchandises ‘ operational lives. It puts full fiscal duty on manufacturers to put up aggregation, recycling and disposal systems. In Malaysia, suited â€Å" take strategy on e-waste will heighten the direction of e-waste † ( Rahman, 2008 ) . He province that Voluntary take back strategy of e-wastes has non been implemented widely by the producer/ importer of electronic and electrical equipment, therefore a mandatory demand of return dorsum strategy through statute law is required. Political campaign to increase consciousness If E-waste causes jobs, the first precedence should be to cut down its coevals. In this respect, â€Å" consumers in exporting states should alter their life styles † ( Moriguchi et al, 2006 ) Other we can make by giving some â€Å" wages to the populace to promote them affect in 3R and the wages is non necessary in sort of money † ( Iswalah, 2008 ) . The end-user should reach the local or province authorities representatives, â€Å" explain to them why he or she is concerned and inquire them to acquire involved in developing solutions † ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . â€Å" By donating used electronics, schools, non-profit organisations, and lower-income households can afford to utilize equipment that they otherwise could non afford † ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Swiss Association for the Information, Communication and Organizational Technologies ( SWICO ) system This system compared to other is one of the most best direction of e-waste nowadays.The system considers material flows related to electronic equipment from the point where it becomes waste until the point where the fractions ensuing from screening, leveling, recycling and disposal processes become secondary natural stuffs or are disposed of in a landfill ( Doka, 2003 ) . So, how its work? Harmonizing to Muller and Esther ( 2009 ) , Manual dismantlement is the first measure, more traditional manner to divide risky stuffs from reclaimable stuffs, and to bring forth reclaimable stuffs from electronic waste. In a pre-sorting procedure, the incoming e-waste foremost is separated into the different classs. Then, mechanical dismantlement, the typical constituents of it works oppressing units, shredders, magnetic centrifuges and air centrifuges. The exhaust gases are clean up in waste gas purification workss and the dust generated collected with dust filters. And for refinement, it is included mechanical, thermic and chemical procedures and typically performed for fractions such as batteries, ferric and non-ferrous metal, reclaimable plastic and printed boards. Methodology Most of the methodological analysis of my research proposal is by making library and internet research. It is of import to acquire background information and to analyze the past research. It is besides utile to do the literature reappraisal. I will travel through some of the diaries, articles, studies and undertakings at that place. To acquire better apprehension, I will acquire some interviews with the workers at Department of Environtment ( DOE ) to acquire inside informations informations about how e-waste is pull offing in Malaysia and by and large around the world.. I besides will travel for interview with Prof. Aghamuthu[ 14 ]( lector in UM ) for his sentiments. By utilizing recording equipment, all the conversations and duologues will be recorded. Survey is besides utile to acquire the information. It will be distributed them to the workers that work in landfill site particularly in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. The study contain more on look intoing their organic structure ‘s wellness and to be related with the symptoms due to toxic discarded from e-waste. Site visit besides involved in my methodological analysis. It will take up to a to the full twenty-four hours for me to see all the procedure. It is besides to do certain that I will non go forth behind all the of import information. Along the visit, camera will be used to take exposures at that place to assist me acquire a better analysis. Expected end product There still a batch of issues that should be see in pull offing the e-waste. . Work Plan The work program start in hebdomad three and it takes about 11 hebdomads to complete it. Weeks Actions 3 Choose the rubric To do certain that the rubric is non to contract or wide, and to do certain it can be done on the clip given. 4-7 Library and internet research By collected, take note, and borrows the stuffs from them before farther analyse. 8-10 reappraisal and Analyse informations Form all the information into the construction of research proposal and associate the information of one reading to another. 11-13 Presentation work Fix the slide that summarize the research proposal. 14 Submit study Make some fix on the deficiency and remark from presentation. Budget Estimated budget: Item Price ( RM ) Transportation system – for fuel and public transit 100.00 Prints – for study ‘s paper, and all the reading stuffs that can non be borrowed. 20.00 Gift – for interviewers 30.00 entire 150.00 How to cite Electronic Waste Popularly Known As E Waste Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Competitive Strategy for Energy Storage- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategy for Energy Storage Organisation. Answer: Tesla, Inc. Tesla was incorporated in 2003 as an American automotive and energy storage organisation. The company manufactures electronic cars and energy storage devices. It had revenue of US$7 billion in 2016 financial year. The worldwide sales of Tesla passed 200,000 cars in March 2017, which makes it second largest pure electronic car producer in the world. The CEO of Tesla is Elon Musk, who was one of the founders of the company. The reason for selecting Tesla is that it has changed the electronic car market by their innovations. The company uses lithium-ion batteries which have revolutionised the entire industry. Tesla has gained reputation and appraisal from peoples for making electric car popular. Teslas Strategy According to Mangram (20102), Teslas strategy focuses on using lithium-ion batteries in their vehicles, which revolutionised the automotive industry and gained them a competitive advantage. The batteries hold more charge and provide high mileage, as compared to competitor cars. The performance of Tesla batteries is unmatched in the electronic car industry. The organisation also provides a huge network of supercharger locations that help owners to charge their vehicles in between their trips. The company had established a strong and distinctive value chain environment around its vehicles that motivate and provide better user experience to its customers. The quality and ability of the software used by Tesla is several levels above its competitors. The company keeps updating their software with newer updates and keep it fresh. The marketing team has created a unique reputation of the company that motivates customers to own a Tesla car. The company serves their customers honestly, which increases their customer satisfaction rate (Hardman, Shiu and Steinberger-Wilckens 2015). Teslas Model for Business The business model of Tesla has gained them the spot of second largest electric vehicle producer. Following are the key part of their business model (Figure 1): The company prepared a high priced and a high-quality electric car for super-rich customers called The Roadster (2008). The quantity of such car was significantly low but its price was considerably high. Tesla uses the revenue of Roadster and manufactured another electric car which was for rich customers, called The Model S (2012). This car price was medium expensive, and they manufactured a medium quantity of this car. After that, the company used the revenue of Model S to develop a lowered price electric car for average customers, called The Model 3 (planned for 2017). The objective of the company is to manufacture electric cars for average customers. The company has also adopted a direct to customer sales model which significantly reduced the prices of cars by eliminating the middle man (Martins, Rindova and Greenbaum 2015). Figure 1: Tesla Business Model (Source: Urban 2015) Teslas CAGE framework According to Grant (2016), in order to become number one electric car manufacturers and defeat other car manufacturer companies, Tesla is required to increase their global sales. The company required to analyse the cultural, administrative, geographic and economic factors of automotive markets worldwide. Tesla sell their cars in few of the developed countries, but they are required to increase their global customers to gain a market advantage since the demand for Tesla cars has increased rapidly in past few years. Uber Technologies Inc. Uber was incorporated in 2009 as an American technology organisation. The company operates in transportation and delivery industry. The company has its operation is more than 632 cities and it had an income of US$6.5 billion in the fiscal year of 2016. The motive of selecting Uber is that they have revolutionised the transporting industry by their online taxi booking service. The company has gained an advantage over their competitors without investing a large capital. Ubers Strategy Uber provides the facility of booking a taxi by their mobile application. The drivers use their own vehicles which reduce the expenses of the company. The company coordinate millions of cars without investing billions of dollars. According to Cannon and Summers (2014), no expenses in car maintenance provide Uber a competitive advantage. The company provide services such as easy booking, simple cancellation, day and night booking and cashless transactions. The company hire highly skilled and talented mathematicians and coders to maintain their algorithm. This allows them to attract many customers with high driving time. The company provides constant offers and services to its customers, such as discounts coupons, free rides, sharing of rides, simple procedure and facilities inside cars. The customers appreciate these innovative approaches and services over simple taxi rides, giving Uber comparative advantage (Cramer and Krueger 2016). Ubers Model for Business Uber provides a high standard of facilities in low price to its customers. According to Manjoo (2015), their business model focuses on enhancing the number of customers and drivers. The key elements of Ubers business model include: The drives of Uber own their vehicles, which reduce the cost of investment and maintenance expenses of the company. Uber provides the facility of renting a vehicle to increase their market share. This method allows the company to increase their market share in the worldwide transportation industry. Ubers mobile application is packed with features and offers which attract many customers. The application includes features such as fast transactions, vehicle tracking, cashless transaction, and discount offers. The customers can rate drivers and give a comment regarding their ride experience. Uber evaluate their data to decrease waiting period for taxi reservation and enhance a number of transactions. Uber highly market their features and offers to enhance their market share. This allows them in gaining a comparative advantage over their competition. Ubers CAGE framework According to research of Rogers (2015), the different economic, administrative, geographic and cultural condition of countries, did not affect the business model of the organisation. Uber drivers own their personal cars which avoid the maintenance expenses of the company and the mobile application provide various services and offers to customers. The market share of Uber has raised substantially in previous years. This approach expanded the business of Uber in more than 632 cities while ensuring sustainable growth. References Cannon, S. and Summers, L.H., 2014. How Uber and the sharing economy can win over regulators.Harvard business review,13(10), pp.24-28. Cramer, J. and Krueger, A.B., 2016. Disruptive change in the taxi business: The case of Uber.The American Economic Review,106(5), pp.177-182. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hardman, S., Shiu, E. and Steinberger-Wilckens, R., 2015. Changing the fate of Fuel Cell Vehicles: Can lessons be learnt from Tesla Motors?.international journal of hydrogen energy,40(4), pp.1625-1638. Mangram, M.E., 2012. The globalization of Tesla Motors: a strategic marketing plan analysis.Journal of Strategic Marketing,20(4), pp.289-312. Manjoo, F., 2015. Ubers business model could change your work.New York Times,28. Martins, L.L., Rindova, V.P. and Greenbaum, B.E., 2015. Unlocking the hidden value of concepts: a cognitive approach to business model innovation.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), pp.99-117. Rogers, B., 2015. The social costs of Uber.U. Chi. L. Rev. Dialogue,82, p.85. Urban, T., 2015. How Tesla Will Change The World. Why But Why. Retrieved from https://waitbutwhy.com/2015/06/how-tesla-will-change-your-life.html

Price and Ikea Essay Example

Price and Ikea Essay IKEA Dr. Okan Geray 1. Explain, in detail, the aspects of Ikea strategy that make it a Hybrid strategy. COST LEADERSHIP IKEA’s strategy is based on selling high-quality, Swedish designed, self-assembly furniture products at low price. The IKEA business idea is: ‘We shall offer a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low  that as many people as possible will  be able to afford them. ’ IKEA targets price-conscious young couples and families who are willing and able to  transport and assemble furniture kits. The low-price strategy, seeks to achieve a  lower price than competitors while maintaining similar perceived product or service benefits to  those offered by competitors, price is not appealing unless, it represents good value for money. This is where IKEA is able to make a real difference. IKEA is  committed to having a good relationship with their suppliers  and so they are able to  purchase good quality, economically produced designs that are bought in bulk to keep costs down. By making all their furniture’s flat packed they cut down on  transportation and assembly costs as well. Achieve cost leadership through multi-level competitive advantage on supply side with low cost logistics and large retail units in suburban areas allow them to sell products 20 to 40% cheaper than other competitors. The company is able to achieve a competitive advantage by delivering value to customers based on both product features and low price. We will write a custom essay sample on Price and Ikea specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Price and Ikea specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Price and Ikea specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer DIFFERENCIATION * Marketing, IKEA is  focused on segmentation of its target: the middle-class population of all age groups Product range * Logistics , Furniture is flat back * Product range. 2. WHY IS THIS STRATEGY DIFFICULT FOR COMPETITORS TO IMITATE? 3. What are the dangers of a hybrid strategy and how can Ikea managers guard against them? A hybrid strategy seeks simultaneously to achieve differentiation and low price  relative to competitors. The success of this strategy depends on the  ability to deliver enhanced benefits to customers together with low prices whilst achieving sufficient margins for reinvestment to maintain and develop bases of differentiation. IKEA has looked towards emerging markets e. g. China for growth. Further  adaptation to products has been necessary including pricing strategy. Income levels of consumers are lower and stores needed to be located within the cities as car ownership is  lower. IKEA has experienced greater competition from national brands.

E-Commerce Strategies for Airasia Essays

E-Commerce Strategies for Airasia Essays E-Commerce Strategies for Airasia Essay E-Commerce Strategies for Airasia Essay AIR ASIA E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES Low cost per average seat kilometer AirAsia focused on ensuring a competitive cost structure as its main business strategy. It has been able to achieve a cost per average seat kilometer (ASK) of 2. 5 cents, half that of Malaysia Airlines and Ryanair and a third that of EasyJet. AirAsia can lease the B737-300s aircraft at a very competitive market rates due to the harsh global market conditions for the second-hand aircrafts because of the September 11th event in 2001. Low distribution cost AirAsia focus on Internet bookings and ticketless travel allowed it to lower the distribution cost. Attractive ticket price With the average fare being 40-60% lower than its full-service competitor, AirAsia has been able to achieve strong market stimulation in the domestic Malaysia air market (Thomas 2003). For instance, the fare for the trip from Kuala Lumpur to Penang on AirAsia starts from 39 ringgit. Comparing to trip by bus charge 40 ringgit and 80 ringgit by car. The effect of attractive low fare is more travelers switching from bus to air, similar case as Ryanair in Europe. Good Management Team AirAsia value proposition is more sophisticated than Ryanair placing equal emphasis on brand reputation and customer service/people management, by a senior advisor to AirAsia’s top management team. AirAsia pursue a Ryanair operational strategy, Southwest people strategy and an EsyJet branding stategy. AirAsia is the best organizations among others s because of their :- Xpress Boarding AirAsia practices a free seating policy. This policy has enabled them to consistently achieve a turnaround time of 25 minutes for all of their flights. They now offer, as an option, the choice of seats through Xpress Boarding. Xpress boarding allows guests to board on aircraft first, and choose a seat of their liking-be it a window seat, asle seat, front of aircraft or next to the lavatory. This service has proven to be exceptionally popular for time hungry business people, corporate employees on business trips, and families travelling together. Web Check-in For a seamless, quick and convenient check-in, We B Check-in was introduced to enable those travelling without luggage. Guess may simply check-in via thewebpage from the comfort of their homes of office, print out their boarding pass and proceed to the airport at their leisure. Self Check-in Kiosk Self Check-in also available. Their fiery red kiosks are located at the LCC Terminal, KLIA to enable a self check-in with a touch of the screen. E-Gift Voucher The E-Gift Voucher is an innovative gift for all occasions as well as being a much-appreciated to corporate gift for its high-perceived value. Since its launch, the E-Gift Voucher has proven itself to be a popular choice for those who want to present imaginative gifts. MALAYSIA AIRLINES E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES E-Freight Program The e-Freight Partnership Program of MASkargo is a strategic e-commerce framework that aims to develop a paperless environment that will enable collaboration among various key players of the logistic industry to adopt electronic channels as the way of transacting business processes with each other. MASkargo Pioneers the Use of the FPX System MASkargo was recently recognized as one of the early adopters for Malaysias first real time online inter-bank Internet payment gateway, Financial Process Exchange (FPX). FPX, a national project, facilitates online payments for e-commerce transactions in particular B2B and B2C (business to business and business to consumer) transactions on a secure and multi-bank platform. E-Commerce E-Commerce encompasses all business operations and transactions based on communication via the electronic media. The major activity includes e-Bookings e-Tracking e-Schedules e-Air Waybill Stock Distribution -Air Waybill Submission e-Invoicing Payment Malaysia Airlines’ needs Malaysia Airlines, having a clear idea about what it wanted  to achieve with the P SS programmed, divided the workload into five streams: Reservations -Anew, more efficient and functionally rich system, to meet todays industry standard sand requirements. E-Commerce-Allowing  Malaysia Airlines to reduce  distribution cos ts by providing a  convenient, easy to use Internet Booking  Engine. E-Ticketing and DCS-Moving from traditional paper toe-tickets by May 2008, in line with IA TAs requirements. This included an upgraded Departure Control System so that  Malaysia Airlines could offer new  self-service options to passengers, including kiosk and web check-in. Revenue Integrity-To authenticate every booking ensuring it produces an actual passenger upon departure, avoiding the revenue leakage which occurred in the past. Fares Management-To enable Malaysia Airlines  to distribute fares more efficiently around the world and to improve pr  icing decisions. A critical success  factor was the ability to integrate all five  work streams with other existing systems in place throughout Malaysia Airlines. SITA’s solution in a first for the  region, and with a contract worth more than US$80million over a ten-year  period, SITA has been undertaking a comprehensive overhaul of Malaysia Airlines existing passenger applications and services, covering the five work streams -reservations, e-commerce, ticketing and departure control, revenue integrity and fares management. To date, SITA has met the needs of Malaysia Airlines  by implementing several Horizon solution components including: Implementing SITA Ticketing and DCS around existing passenger applications, saving  Malaysia Airlines  millions of dollars. Re-engineering  Malaysia Airlines fares strategy, including fares workflow, competitive monitoring, and effective distribution, which has been critical  to the outstanding success achieved with e-commerce. Implementing revenue integrity and revenue protection, enabling Malaysia  Airlines to prevent the waste of over 120,000  segments in a single quarter  at the beginning of 2008-equating to improved inventory management with significant cost savings and revenue upside. FIREFLY E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES In buying up Firefly Network, Microsoft did more than feather its nest with a set of bleeding-edge consumer privacy technologies. It also struck a critical blow to arch rival Netscape by effectively sinking that companys online e-commerce strategy. Firefly has been developing a privacy plug-in that would have injected Communicator 5 with the necessary technology to support the Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) specification. While DesAutels said that Netscape had been relying on the Firefly plug-in, other sources, both at Netscape and within the P3P working group. The Firefly acquisition is cool for the industry as long as Microsoft doesnt step in the way and make it hard for them to work with Firefly this is an area where people will see some cooperation between Microsoft and Netscape. P3P and a related technology, Open Profiling Specification, provide a means for Web sites and consumers to seamlessly exchange preferences about what personal information such as age and ZIP code is exchanged over the Internet. The  P3P specification  is expected to be declared a standard by the World Wide Web Consortium by next month, and is poised to become an essential aspect of all Web transactions, including shopping. But the latest Microsoft deal has sent Netscape back to square one. Thats because P3P is very difficult to implement in a browser, and Firefly engineers were clearly leading the industry in that regard. They have creating a technology that is extremely difficult to implement. [The Netscape-Firefly plug-in] would have put Netscape back on par with the industry for privacy and e-commerce, and data exchange. Firefly has a collaborative filtering engine that can suggest products based on a users likes and dislikes. But Microsoft already owns a similar filtering engine, in the form of the Personalization Services features built into the companys Sidewalk city guides. What attracted Microsoft to Firefly was the technology Firefly had been developing for both Netscape and Explorer a dynamic content engine that would make the proposed P3P standard interoperable with Web sites. The acquisition was made by Microsofts Web Essentials group, which includes Microsoft Network, Sidewalk, Expedia, Hotmail, and the forthcoming Start portal service which mimics the Web gateway strategy adopted by many search-engine companies and Redmonds plans for P3P extend well beyond its Explorer browser. In March, Netscape told Wired News that the P3P/OPS technology was critical to its e-commerce plans, especially given growing pressure from the Federal Trade Commission for the Web-commerce industry to regulate itself with technological rather than legislative solutions to protect consumers. While DesAutels suggested that few other vendors were developing P3P solutions, an active member of the P3P working group said that Netscape would likely not be adversely affected by the Firefly acquisition. The Firefly acquisition gives Microsoft a greater stake in  Information and Content Exchange  (ICE), a proposed protocol for the automatic, controlled exchange and management of online assets between business partners. ICE is an embryonic technology being developed by Adobe, Firefly, JavaSoft, Microsoft, National Semiconductor, and Vignette, and a number of content publishers. A key technology under development at Firefly and destined for a W3C standards track, ICE will help establish standards for Web sites to communicate with each other, paving the way for online superstores and new reseller channels. Now, with a heavy stake in ICE, Microsoft has a leg up over Netscape in future e-commerce development. Netscapes whole e-commerce strategy, a large portion was now they have a client that speaks ICE, uses certificates for identity, includes an OPS/P3P client for exchanging info.

House Value Estimation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

House Value Estimation - Research Paper Example The assessment of the price of a house is generally assessed through the few apparent factors like the construction value, design, and location of the house. The rough estimation usually does not encompass the related factors that are important to decide the value of a house and have a significant impact on the assessment process. The study of the factors other than the common factors is important to identify their role in the determination of the price or value of a home. Generally, a realtor’s claim would always be that the location is the most important factor when it comes to determining the value of a house or home. The formulation of a model in this regard is attempted through ‘regression’. For concrete assessment of this claim, some elaborated factors are included in this exercise. A home or a house can generally be viewed in terms of the properties it holds internally and the characteristics of the environment outside that home. The null hypothesis here wo uld be the realtor’s claim i.e. the location is the most important factor in assessing the house value whereas the alternate hypothesis refutes by stating that this is not the only factor but there are other significantly effective factors that are needed to be taken into account. There are a number of processes that can be used to predict house values. These include various probabilistic methods. Multivariate Spatial Method, Time Series analysis, FootyForecast Forecasting methods( a method that is similar to simple sequence method).

International business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

International business law - Assignment Example Every citizen of a state has certain duties towards the state and in the interest of the society as a whole, the state prescribes certain norms of conduct that bind all members of the state upon which it has a jurisdiction to punish a person who transgresses against these (Kleyn & Viljoen 2002). A good example of a criminal offence is theft which is unlawful taking of something that does not belong to you. The sole purpose of theft law in this case is to prevent interference with property rights. As far as criminal law is concerned, the state is part of the proceedings against the accused person. Criminal law is seen as an effective way of dealing with certain conducts which are deemed wrongful and violate the prescribed norms in society. In the case of the United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit (2007), the defendant Juan Carlos Elizade has been convicted as an â€Å"aggravated felony† for joyriding and was subsequently sentenced to a one year suspended sentence. Thus, cases with the intent of temporarily depriving the owner of his property rights constitute a criminal offense. On the other hand, civil law is different from criminal law in that it constitutes private law which specifically deals with legal relationships between subjects (Kleyn & Viljoen 2002). The subjects in civil proceedings are relatively on the same footing with each other and the state only acts as an arbiter. Civil cases often involve family law, tort or contract laws. In a civil case, it is the plaintiff versus the defendant while in a criminal case it is the state versus the accused. The parties to a civil case decide whether they want to initiate proceedings while in a criminal case, the state initiates prosecution. The definite difference between a criminal and civil case is that the aim of criminal law is to punish the subjects threatening order and harmony in society while in contrast, the aim

A View from the Bridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A View from the Bridge - Essay Example The time setting, which is between 1940 and 1960, may not appeal to the interest of the present-day audience. But analytically speaking, the story contains more substance than many stories written by most contemporary writers. It connotes the favorability as well as the dangers one must experience and endure when living in a foreign land. [It] is a play largely concerned with discovery. As [Italian-American lawyer] Alfieri warns, no one can ever know what will be discovered. There are two secrets in the play: Eddie's incestuous desires for his niece and the two illegal immigrants hiding in the Carbone home, Marco and Rodolpho. [qtd. in Sparknotes, 18] The play, which is set to happen in an Italian-American community known as Red Hook, situated in the waterfront in Brooklyn, New York City, tells the story of Eddie Carbone, a longshoreman who feels something toward his niece other than filial love and how his life ends tragically because of it. Eddie Carbone - the center of the story - is a character who was created as an ordinary man; the type of person whom everyone will learn to love. However, Miller did not create a totally perfect character, but rather gave him flaws and weaknesses; his weakness is mainly concentrated in his love for his niece, Catherine. [] a suitable subject for a modern tragedy because the potential for self-destruction, which is in all of us, in Eddie's case has destroyed him. And apart from this improper love, Eddie is a good man; and this love has its origin in the quite proper love of father for child, and Eddie's sense of duty to his family and community. [A View from the Bridge] In a review of the play, another critic commented: Eddie sets in motion against one person rains a whole avalanche of destruction. Like many classic tragic figure (including Shakespeare's Hamlet), Eddie's effort to get rid of the one man he perceives as his enemy, cannot control fate's ripple effect on Marco, Marco's family and the hapless additional underground border - and, as importantly, his own standing in the tight-knit community. [Sommer] Despite Eddie's efforts to hide his feelings toward his niece, he is not able to do so, as shown in his actions. Although his wife Beatrice is aware of the fact of Eddie's non-paternal feelings toward her niece, she tries to ignore it and pretends that everything is just normal. Eddie's relationship with his wife and niece becomes more complex when he takes into the shelter of their home the two illegal immigrants, Marco and his brother Rodolpho, cousins of Eddie's wife Beatrice. Eddie's problem starts when one of the brothers, Rodolpho becomes romantically involved with his niece Catherine to whom Eddie harbors special feelings. Eddie tries everything in order to stop Rodolpho and Catherine from getting married, including seeking lawyer Alfieri's advice, making Catherine see Rodolpho's flaws and finally reporting the two brothers to the Immigration Bureau, an act which destroys Eddie's good reputation in the community. Eddie, however, is not able to stop the marriage from taking place. Embittered by hatred for Rodolpho and probably also driven by frustration, he refuses to reconcile with the younger man. In the end, Rodolpho becomes and American

The Definition Of Health Management Essay

The Definition Of Health Management Essay This assignment is actually will describe about the contradictory demand of cost reduction program and the need to invest to enhance the standard of health, safety and environment (HSE) in the industry. This assignment consist of the definition of Health, the definition of Safety, the definition of environment, Professional Organization in Malaysia, Cost Reduction, Profit, Discussion and also the Conclusion of this assignment. 2.0 THE DEFINITION OF HEALTH Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a persons mind and body, usually meaning to be free from  illness,  injury  or  pain  (as in good health or healthy). The  World Health Organization  (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by  health care providers. Applications with regard to animal health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The term healthy is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of  healthy communities,  healthy cities  or  healthy environments. In addition to health care interventions and a persons surroundings, a number of other factors ar e known to influence the health status of individuals, including their background, lifestyle, and economic and social conditions, these are referred to as determinants of health. Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for his health status and quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of  health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent  lifestyle  choices of the individual and society. According to the  World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviours. 3.0 THE DEFINITION OF SAFETY Safety  is the state of being safe, the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage,  error,  accidents,  harm  or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of people or of possessions. There are two slightly different meanings of  safety. For example,  home safety  may indicate a buildings ability to protect against external harm events (such as weather, home invasion, etc.), or may indicate that its internal installations (such as appliances, stairs, etc.) are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for its inhabitants. Safety is the condition of a steady state of an organization or place doing what it is supposed to do. What it is supposed to do is defined in terms of public codes and standards, associated architectural and engineering designs, corporate vision and mission statements, and operational plans and personnel policies. For any organization, place, or function, large or small, safety is a normative concept. It complies with situation-specific definitions of what is expected and acceptable. Security is the process or means, physical or human, of delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against external or internal, defects, dangers, loss, criminals, and other individuals or actions that threaten, hinder or destroy an organizations steady state, and deprive it of its intended purpose for being. Safety can be limited in relation to some  guarantee  or a standard of  insurance  to the quality and unharmful function of an object or organization. It is used in order to ensure that the object or organization will do only what it is meant to do. It is important to realize that safety is relative. Eliminating all  risk, if even possible, would be extremely difficult and very expensive. A safe situation is one where risks of injury or property damage are low and manageable. 4.0 THE DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Environment system In  science  and  engineering, a  system  is the part of the  universe  that is being studied, while the  environment  is the remainder of the universe that lies outside the boundaries of the system. It is also known as the  surroundings, and in  thermodynamics, as the  reservoir. In some disciplines, such as  information theory,  information  may also be exchanged. The environment is ignored in analysis of the system, except in regards to these interactions. The Environmental systems are vital to the human race and to all living organisms. Without the systems in place and working, we would all cease to exist. Rivers and streams are an example, if the system of this were to not work, then the whole system would collapse. 4.2 Environmental Health Environmental health  is a branch of  public health  concerned with all aspects of the  natural  and  built environment  that may affect human  health. Other phrases that concern or refer to the discipline of environmental health include  environmental public health  and  environmental health and protection. The field of environmental health differs from  environmental science  in that environmental health is concerned with environmental factors affecting human health whereas environmental science is concerned with the environment as it affects ecosystems. Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environme nt, as well as behaviour related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics. Environmental health is defined by the  World Health Organization. Those aspects of the human health and disease that are determined by factors in the environment. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing and controlling factors in the environment that can potentially affect health. Environmental health as used by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, includes both the direct pathological effects of chemicals, radiation and some biological agents, and the effects (often indirect) on health and well being of the broad physical, psychological, social and cultural environment, which includes housing, urban development, land use and transport. 4.3 Environmental Health Profession Environmental health practitioners may be known as  sanitarians,  public health inspectors, environmental health specialists,  environmental health officers  or environmental health practitioners. In many European countries, physicians and veterinarians are involved in environmental health. In the United Kingdom, practitioners must have a graduate degree in environmental health and be certified and registered with the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health. In Canada, practitioners in environmental health are required to obtain an approved bachelors degree in environmental health along with the national professional certificate the Certificate in Public Health Inspection (Canada). Many states in the  United States  also require that individuals have a bachelors degree and professional  licenses  in order to practice environmental health. 4.4 Disciplines of Environmental Health Three basic disciplines generally contribute to the field of environmental health. The three disciplines of Environmental Health is environmental epidemiology, toxicology, and exposure science. Each of these disciplines contributes different information to describe problems in environmental health, but there is some overlap among them. Environmental epidemiology  studies the relationship between environmental exposures (including exposure to chemicals, radiation, microbiological agents, etc.) and human health. Observational studies, which simply observe exposures that people have already experienced, are common in environmental epidemiology because humans cannot ethically be exposed to agents that are known or suspected to cause disease. While the inability to use experimental study designs is a limitation of environmental epidemiology, this discipline directly observes effects on human health rather than estimating effects from animal studies. Toxicology  studies how environmental exposures lead to specific health outcomes, generally in animals, as a means to understand possible health outcomes in humans. Toxicology has the advantage of being able to conduct randomized controlled trials and other experimental studies because they can use animal subjects. However there are many differences in animal and human biology, and there can be a lot of uncertainty when interpreting the results of  animal studies  for their implications for human health. Exposure science  studies human exposure to environmental contaminants by both identifying and quantifying exposures. Exposure science can be used to support environmental epidemiology by better describing environmental exposures that may lead to a particular health outcome, identify common exposures whose health outcomes may be better understood through a toxicology study, or can be used in a risk assessment to determine whether current levels of exposure might exceed recommended levels. Exposure science has the advantage of being able to very accurately quantify exposures to specific chemicals, but it does not generate any information about health outcomes like environmental epidemiology or toxicology. Information from these three disciplines can be combined to conduct a  risk assessment  for specific chemicals or mixtures of chemicals to determine whether an exposure poses significant risk to human health. 5.0 PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION IN MALAYSIA 1. Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) Occupational Safety and Health Agency OSHA is comprised of a diverse team of safety and quality professionals whose expertise is focused on what the company does best. With technical expertise as diverse and complex as the sites and facilities of its clients, OSHA is strategically positioned to help the regulated community manage a wide range of technical and regulatory issues related to past, present and future operations. OSHA is distinguished by the range and variety of professional disciplines it provides; the advanced technical expertise of OSHA staff; and professional contributions that OSHA has made to industry as well as the local community through participation in a number of projects and events that have helped to raise public awareness related to safety, and quality concerns. OSHA has established long term-valued relationships with our clients, providing customized approaches to occupational injury and illness prevention.   The OSHA organization work closely and discretely with clients to identify hazards and provide perspective on risk. OSHA can then correct deficiencies and improve performance within an existing organizational framework. 2. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Malaysia is a company limited by guarantee owned by the Government of Malaysia. In the words of the Minister of Human Resources, Malaysia, NIOSH would be a critical catalyst in the promotion of occupational safety and health that would also serve as the backbone to create a self-regulating occupational safety and health culture in Malaysia. NIOSH is committed to ensure a safe and healthy working environment to all employees and others involved in or affected by its operation taking into account statutory requirement and relevant national and international standards and codes of practices.   Implementation and effectiveness of this policy is a line management responsibility together with the participation and involvement of all employees and NIOSH will ensure that adequate resources, training and time are made available.   Safety and Health management systems and programmes will be regularly reviewed to ensure continuous improvement. Humanistic approach will be adopted by NIOSH to promote a safe and healthy work culture which employer and employees share the common responsibility of creating a better work environment for all. This policy will be monitored to ensure achievement of our objectives and reviewed in light of legislative or organizational changes. 6.0 COST REDUCTION Cost reduction  is the process used by companies to reduce their  costs  and increase their  profits. Depending on a companys  services  or  product, the strategies can vary. However, it is important to remember that every decision in the product development process affects  cost. Companies typically launch a new product without focusing too much on cost. Cost becomes more important when competition increases and price becomes a differentiator in the market. There are several types of main cost reduction strategies:- Supplier consolidation Component consolidation Re-source to low cost countries Request For Quotations Supplier cost breakdown analysis Function analysis / Value analysis / Value engineering Design For Manufacture / Design For Assembly Reverse costing Cost driver analysis Should cost Product benchmarking Design to cost Design workshops with suppliers Competitor benchmarking There are right  cost reduction  techniques and there are wrong ones. Using the right strategies will result in a more efficient company spending. Using the wrong techniques will create a reduction of expenses required to maintain product quality and company value. It is a fine line sometimes, but a systematic approach can help managers avoid making serious mistakes in the rush to cut expenses. Cost management strategies should be utilized as components of a larger objective to maintain maximum profitability. As such, cutting expenses will be just one part of a plan that focuses also on maximizing revenue. Effective techniques will begin with the setting of goals and objectives. There can be many reasons why a company might need to cut costs. To create additional cash reserves To reduce price of product or service To bring expenses in line with revenues To eliminate unnecessary expenses or wasteful spending To increase company value To increase competitive advantage To move costs between departments Identifying the goal of the expense reduction exercise will assist with implementation of an effective plan. In other words, if you dont know why you are cutting costs, how are you going to know where to cut costs? The purpose of expense reduction is to help the company towards long term survival. Purposes of expense reduction include: Create cash for reinvest in research and development Reduce manufacturing costs to stay competitive Reduce costs as a non profit so able to serve more people Lower costs of service in order to provide additional services To become more efficient To prevent employee lay-offs To prevent reduction in employee benefits Cost reduction techniques should also be evaluated in terms of impact on the organization. Prioritizing the goals of the cost cutting program will insure that the strategies are implemented appropriately. There are many different ways a company can institute a plan to reduce expenses. Across the board reductions Prioritized reductions Departmental reductions Reductions based on professional assessment Cost reduction techniques can be an important strategy for another reason. They can teach a company to be economical, by forcing a regular review of spending at every level of the organization. It can keep a company vital and streamlined. The Alternate Considered Cost Reduction Ideas When seeking to reduce its expenditures on goods and services, the first thought in many organizations is Lets find cheaper suppliers. But in many cases, sourcing for new suppliers are either not practical or its a suboptimal alternative.  Fortunately, there are several ideas for achieving cost reductions without switching suppliers. Ask You May Receive   Ask your suppliers if they have cost savings ideas. You never know when the answer may surprise you.   Aggregation   According to Patton, Aggregation is any effort that makes the buyers requirements more attractive to the seller by bundling those requirements with the volume of other buyers. This can be internal across business units or geographies or external with other companies. For external bundling, you can build your own consortium or join an existing group purchasing organization. Spec Rationalization   Spec Rationalization involves looking at the goods and services you buy and determining smarter ways to specify them. Patton shares an example from previous employment: We discovered that we had between 80 and 100 different specifications across the company worldwide for water. No reasonable person in Purchasing or Engineering is gonna say that we really need that many specs for water.   Leveraging The Supply Chain   In this technique, youre looking at suppliers suppliers, one or two steps back in the supply chain, Patton explains. Sometimes, the biggest cost component in the equation is really out of your own immediate suppliers direct control. Patton recommends working to identify situations where several of your suppliers buy the same material towards what they make for you and then leveraging that combined demand to drive cost reductions from lower tier suppliers. 7.0 PROFIT A financial benefit that is realized when the amount of revenue gained from a business activity exceeds the expenses, costs and taxes needed to sustain the activity. Any profit that is gained goes to the businesss owners, who may or may not decide to spend it on the business. Calculated as: Profit = Total Revenue Total Expenses Profit is the money a business makes after accounting for all the expenses. Regardless of whether the business is a couple of kids running a lemonade stand or a publicly traded multinational company, consistently earning profit is every companys goal. 7.1 Economic Profit In neoclassical  microeconomic  theory, the term  profit  has two related but distinct meanings.  Normal profit  represents the total  opportunity costs  of a venture to an investor, whereas  economic profit  is, at least in the  neoclassical microeconomic theory  which dominates modern economics, the difference between a  firms total  revenue  and all costs (including normal profit).   A related concept, sometimes considered synonymous in certain contexts, is that of  economic rent. Other types of profit have been referenced, including  social profit  (related to  externalities). It is not to be confused with  profit in finance and accounting, which is equal to revenue minus only explicit costs and  super profit. Profit is not synonymous with the concepts of profitability and the  profit motive. 7.2 Normal Profit Normal  profit is a component of (implicit) costs and so not a component of business profit at all. It represents the opportunity cost for enterprise, since the time that the owner spends running the firm could be spent on running another firm. The enterprise component of normal profit is thus the profit that a business owner considers necessary to make running the business worth his while for example it is comparable to the next best amount the entrepreneur could earn doing another job. Particularly if enterprise is not included as a  factor of production, it can also be viewed a return to capital for investors including the entrepreneur, equivalent to the return the capital owner could have expected (in a safe investment), plus compensation for risk.   In other words, the cost of normal profit varies both within and across industries; it is commensurate with the riskiness associated with each type of investment, as per the risk-return spectrum. Only normal profits arise in ci rcumstances of  perfect competition  when long run  economic equilibrium  is reached; there is no incentive for firms to either enter or leave the industry. 8.0 DISCUSSION 1. Cost Reduction  by Design How to Reduce Product Cost by Design: Practice  Concurrent Engineering  with early and active participation of manufacturing, purchasing, vendors, etc. Implement  Design for Manufacturability  ( DFM ),  Design for Lean, and  Design for Quality For dramatic cost reduction   half cost to order-of-magnitude  Ã‚  optimize the concept/architecture phase To convert ideas, research or prototypes into viable products, use commercialization techniques to ensure success Activities Supportive to Low Cost Product Development: Co-locating Engineering with Manufacturing  ensures the best teamwork; avoid distant  off shoring If outsourcing, choose local vendors which ensures early and active vendor participation in product development teams Pre-select Vendor/Partners  who will help develop products, avoid low-bidding so that vendors will help with design Implement  standardization  and good product portfolio planning for the best focus Total cost measurements  to quantify all costs affected by design Correcting  Counterproductive Policies.  Ã‚  New ventures and start-ups will be able to implement these principles right away. Established companies may have to first correct  counterproductive policies, by prioritizing portfolio planning, scrutinizing high-overhead sales, emphasizing thorough up-front work, quantifying all costs, and avoiding time-draining attempts to  reduce cost after design, going for the  low-bidder, or  moving production offshore. See full  article on counterproductive policies. 2.  Lean Production  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Manufacturing Cost: Implement Lean Production Activities Supportive to Lean Production: Design product families for lean production Concurrently Engineer flexible processes Implement  standardization to enable  dock-to-line distribution Rationalize products to eliminate the most unusual products with the most unusual parts and processes Total cost measurements to quantify all costs related to manufacturing Keep control of manufacturing in house or with vendor/partners. 3.  Overhead  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Overhead Cost: Implement  Build-to-Order  and  Mass Customization  to build products on-demand without forecasts or inventory Activities Supportive to Build-to-Order Mass Customization: Implement  lean production Rationalize products Total cost measurements  to quantify overhead costs 4.  Standardization  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Cost with Standardization: Implement Standardization  with a practical procedure has been developed to standardize part and materials for new designs Activities Supportive to Standardization: Rationalize products  to eliminate or outsource the most unusual products that have the most unusual parts and materials Total cost measurements  to justify standardization efforts and encourage picking standard parts 5.  Product Line Rationalization  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Cost with Product Line Rationalization: Implement Product Line Rationalization  to eliminate or outsource low-profit products that have high overhead demands and are not compatible with cost reduction strategies Activities Supportive to Product Line Rationalization: Product Portfolio Planning focuses new product development Total cost measurements  to identify opportunities and supports rationalization decisions 6.  Supply Chain Management  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Cost in Supply Chain Management: Design products around standard parts  to simplify Supply Chain Management Standardize parts  to focus Supply Chain Management on high-volume, easy to get parts Rationalize away the most unusual products  which have the most usual, hardest-to-get parts Establish Vendor/Partnerships, which saves more money than  low-bidding Activities Supportive to Supply Chain Cost Reduction: Total cost measurements  to encourage and justify standardization and rationalization Dont merge acquired products into the same plant or build others products 7.  Quality Cost  Reduction How to Reduce the Cost of Quality: Eliminating quality costs starts with  designing in quality Rationalizing away unusual products  raises net factory quality and avoids wasting quality resources on inherently lower quality products Activities Supportive to Quality Cost Reduction: Total cost measurements to quantify the Cost of Quality 8.  Total Cost  Measurement to Support All Cost Reduction Activities How to Reduce Cost with Total Cost Measurements: Implement total cost measurement  with the easy-to-implement  cost driver  approach Activities Supportive to Total Cost Measurements: Until total cost can be quantified, everyone must make decisions based on  total cost thinking Senior management understands the importance of quantifying total cost, implements total cost measurements, and encourages all cost decisions to be made on basis of total cost 9.0 CONCLUSION As conclusion we can said that, the objectives of this assignment have been achieved which is to understand how to be cost effective but yet meeting the ever increasing HSE requirement. The conclusion is made due to what I have done about this assignment, describe properly about the problem required in this assignment. Cost becomes more important when competition increases and price becomes a differentiator in the market. Identifying the goal of the expense reduction exercise will assist with implementation of an effective plan. The purpose of expense reduction is to help the company towards long term survival. 10.0 REFERENCES [1] http://mydiposh.wordpress.com/tag/niosh-malaysia/ [2] http://www.niosh.com.my/en/ [3] http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/cost-reduction/index.jhtml [4] http://www.the-cost-reduction-consultant.com/CostReduction.html [5] http://www.nextlevelpurchasing.com/articles/cost-reduction-ideas.html?gclid [6] http://www.halfcostproducts.com/

Queen Isabella I Essay -- Biography

She was born into a family of a long line of royal decedents. She became Queen at the age of twenty four. She was the first women to be on an US commutative coin. Who is this very accomplished person? Queen Isabella. Bold and daring, Queen Isabella accomplished many things in her thirty years of rein as Queen of Castile and Aragon. Queen Isabella was born on April 22, 1451 in Madrigal, Old Castile. Her mother was Isabella of Portugal and her dad was John the II of Castile. Her mom and dad were King and Queen of Castile. She had two brothers, Alfonzo and Henry (â€Å"Isabella of Castile† par13). At the age of three Isabella’s father died. After his death He4nry became King of Castile. A few years after he was crowned King he sent Alfonzo and Isabella to Segovia to be safe (â€Å"Isabella of Castile† par13). While they were in Segovia Henry got married twice, and finally had a baby. After the baby was born the people of Castile believed they needed a new king, so they summoned Isabella and Alfonzo back. The people of Castile decided that Alfonzo will be the heir to the throne. But while there was a war going on in Castile Alfonzo was killed. Now Isabella was the heir to the throne (â€Å"Isabella of Castile† par16). Henry believed that Isabella should get married if she wanted the crown. With that in mind he thought she should marry Don Carlos Prince of Vienna. But Isabella had other thoughts in mind. She wished to marry Ferdinand Prince of Aragon. Her brother would not fight with her so he allowed her to marry him. But she would have to wait until she got back from her trip. Isabella did not listen and married him during her trip. Therefore they got married in 1469 in Juan de Vivero (â€Å"Queen Isabella I† par3-5). When they ... ...w country of Spain. She mostly impacted religions. When she was alive she always taught people that everyone in this world is equal (â€Å"Isabella of Castile† par 5). She made huge sacrifices when she was young. She even turned down an offer to be Queen. She believed that unless both her brothers died it was not her right to be Queen (â€Å"Queen Isabella’ par 4). Being an educated Catholic girl, Isabella was mostly influenced by god. Her parents taught her to always follow the word of god (â€Å"Isabella of Castile† par43). Isabella wanted to be remembered as someone to look up to. Today she has accomplished that. Many people in Spain wish to make Isabella a Saint. But fro right now she is called a servant of god (â€Å"Isabella of Castile† par 39). â€Å"The distance is great beyond firm belief to the realization from concrete experiences.† Queen Isabella.